Which salt should be used to make an effective but economical cold pac

Which salt should be used to make an effective but economical cold pac Mrs. Raihan Honors Chemistry 25 March 2015 Which salt should be used to make an effective but economical cold pack? In accordance to the question above, a claim was developed after a series of experiments and observations, Ammonium Chloride, NH4Cl, is the most effectual but also economical ingredient to make a cold pack because it met the requirements of being an inexpensive salt and lowering the mixtures temperature by 2c. The claim was proved correctly based off of the quantitative and qualitative data that was taken down during the experiment. To find out whether the salt in the cold back is a good substance or not, the change in enthalpy change, which occurs with the process of dissolution, is also known as the heat of solution. At a constant pressure, the heat of solution is equivalent to the heat lost from the surrounding. For this to happen, the energy is absorbed to break the intermolecular bonds of both the water and the solute, energy is gained in this process. Then, energy is released as attractive forces start to form between the broken ions and water molecules, from here, energy is re leased. The heat of solution can therefore be an exothermic or endothermic depending on which one is stronger. In this case, the energy absorbed is stronger than the one being released which means it turns cold, an endothermic. So, one can discover if a cold pack is effective by finding the heat of solution then compare to the other salts tested to find out both economically cheap and most effective salt. Before the investigation commenced, steps were created in order to make sure that everything was going to work out. Using the previously known information, from previous labs made, it was inducted that the following steps would be done to perfect the experiment. First of all the safety equipment was gathered, the materials needed would be gathered and cleaned thoroughly to reduce any human error. The salts that were tested were Ammonium Chloride, Ammonium Nitrate, Magnesium Sulfate and Ammonium Thiocyanate. Then, a calorimeter would be made, two styrofoam cups within one another, a sheet of aluminum between them, a thermometer on top which was struck through the aluminum top to keep the temperature as isolated as possible to have the most accurate information. Then, taking a plastic cup, 30ml of water was measured out then placed into the calorimeter because then 2.5 grams of a salt was measured out. The initial temperature of the water was taken before the ingredients were mixed, i mmediately after, the temperature was taken down every five seconds for two minutes. The information was recorded in a graph and then averages of the time were taken down so there could be an even information for all salts so there would be no mistake made. The steps above were then repeated twice for each salt, all information recorded into a graph as well. The experiment was conducted in this way to include all of the possible experiments previously done to prove that it was successful, which in the end, based off of the claim, it was correct. Based off of the guiding question, Ammonium Chloride is the best salt needed to meet both the requirements of being an economically cheap salt and also effective. Ammonium Chloride fell from 21.25c to 18.65c, it dropped more than 2c. The second part of the question asks to choose the cheapest salt, that is still effective which is NH4Cl at $0.0139 per gram. Thus, the salt that meets the guiding questions needs is Ammonium Chloride because it met the 2c temperature drop along with an economically cheap price. Using the graphs and tables provided, it is easier to identify the change in temperature for each salt. When one observes NH4Cl, it is easy to comprehend that it is the most efficient one since it has around the same information like the more better, but also expensive ones. Finally, after the information was gathered, the magnitude of heat energy change was found by using the following equation: Q=mcT which was then transferred to the heat that the salt let out before dividing i t by the number of moles in the solute. The heat of solution was

Say Happy New Year With Funny Quotes

Say Happy New Year With Funny Quotes Ring in the New Year  on a cheerful note. Say, Happy New Year with  funny quotes. With a sprinkling of  wit and loads of imagination, these New Year quotes can be the proverbial icing on the cake. The last day of December is bittersweet. It heralds the time to bid goodbye to the old year and prepare for a new beginning. The first of January is not just another date on the calendar. It is a chance to make amends  and start fresh. Quotes to Ring in the New Year Jim Gaffigan My New Years resolution for 2010? I will be less  lazy. Anonymous Many people look forward to the New Year for a new start on old habits. Eric Zorn Making resolutions  is a cleansing ritual of self-assessment and repentance that demands personal honesty and, ultimately, reinforces humility. Breaking them is part of the cycle. Laura Kightlinger It goes Christmas, New Years Eve, and Valentines Day. Is that fair to anyone whos alone? If you didnt get around to killing yourself on Christmas or New Years, boom, theres Valentines Day for you. There should be a holiday after Valentines Day called Are you still here? Jay Leno Now there are more overweight people in America than average-weight people. So overweight people are now average. Which means youve met your New Years resolution. P. J. ORourke The proper behavior all through the holiday season is to be drunk. This drunkenness culminates on New Years Eve, when you get so drunk you kiss the person youre married to. Rainer Maria Rilke And now we welcome the New Year, full of things that have never been. Aleister Crowley,  Moonchild May the New Year bring you courage to break your resolutions early! My own plan is to swear off every kind of  virtue so that I triumph even when I fall! Robert Clark I would say Happy New Year but its not happy; its exactly the same as last year except colder. Ring in the Celebrations With New Year Resolutions Making New Year resolutions is a  time-honored tradition in many families. In the course of making and breaking resolutions, do not forget to have fun. This is the holiday week, a time when even the worst boss  will cut you some slack. Have you been invited to a  New Year  party? Have you thought about what you will wear for the occasion? And who will accompany you? Live it up this New Years Eve. Appreciate the wisdom in this quotation by Benjamin Franklin, Dost thou love life? Then do not squander time, for thats the stuff life is made of. Read more New Year quotations to encourage you to celebrate. Spend Time With Family Not a party animal? That is no excuse to stay hidden indoors. Arrange a cozy get-together for your  family. What better way to ring in the New Year than in the company of your favorite people? Rewind to the words of the great Thomas Jefferson:  The happiest moments of my life have been the few which I have passed at home in the bosom of my family. This evergreen quote highlights the importance of family. Read more New Year sayings that echo similar thoughts. Remember Last Years Lessons When the New Year comes calling, look forward to the opportunities it brings. However, do not forget the hard knocks that life dealt you over the last one year. Those experiences have only made you stronger. While you are at it, dwell on the joys of the past year. As we stand on the line that separates the old from the new, we can only guess what the New Year might bring. Amid the joy we feel at bidding goodbye to the old year, there is usually a pang of regret too. As Charles Lamb once wrote, Of all sound of all bells, the most solemn and touching is the peal which rings out the Old Year. Appreciate and Use Humor New Years Day is dedicated to joy, optimism, and laughter. Humor is always welcome. Put a little New Years joke on your New Years greeting card. A little line like musician Joe Kings New year, same goal usually brings on the chuckles. If you want something longer, and a little more irreverent, turn to the ever-funny Jay Leno. One popular line by the American comedian goes, New Years Eve, where an auld acquaintance is forgotten! Unless, of course, those tests come back positive. Welcome a Brand New Year If the past year  has been unkind to you, hope that the New Year is different. Read a few more inspirational New Year quotes. They could give you the strength to think positive once again.  Believe in that statement as you prepare to welcome a brand new year. Rather than sulk in the sidelines, think about that utterly joyful quotation by former baseball player Barbara Hoffman, Stop worrying about the potholes in the road and celebrate the journey! Put that smile on your face and wish everybody a Happy New Year!